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DESCRIPTION:
A Purple Heart within a Gold border, 1-3/8 inches
wide, containing a profile of General George Washington. Above
the heart appears a shield of the Washington Coat of Arms (a white shield
with two red bars and three red stars in chief) between sprays of green
leaves. The reverse consists of a raised bronze heart with the words
"FOR MILITARY MERIT" below the
coat of arms and leaves. Members of the
0THER SQUADRON
AWARDEES:
(Can't find orders)
1st Lt. Kenneth N. Hunter
1st Lt. Peter F. Naylor
1st Lt.
Jarvis T. Yagla
RIBBON:
The ribbon is 1-3/8 inches wide and consists of the
following stripes: 1/8 inch White 67101; 1-1/8 inches Purple 67115; and 1/8 inch White
67101.
CRITERIA:
a. The Purple Heart is
awarded in the name of the President of the United States to any member of
an Armed Force who, while serving with the U.S. Armed Services after 5 April
1917, has been wounded or killed, or who has died or may hereafter die after
being wounded;
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(1)
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In any
action against an enemy of the United States;
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(2)
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In any action
with an opposing armed force of a foreign country in which the Armed
Forces of the United States are or have been engaged;
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(3)
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While serving
with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an
opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent
party;
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(4)
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As a result
of an act of any such enemy of opposing armed forces;
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(5)
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As the
result of an act of any hostile foreign force;
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(6)
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After 28 March
1973, as a result of an international terrorist attack against the
United States or a foreign nation friendly to the United States,
recognized as such an attack by the Secretary of the department
concerned, or jointly by the Secretaries of the departments
concerned if persons from more than one department are wounded in
the attack; or,
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(7)
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After 28 March
1973, as a result of military operations, while serving outside the
territory of the United States as part of a peacekeeping force.
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(8)
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After 7
December 1941, by weapon fire while directly engaged in armed
conflict, regardless of the fire causing the wound.
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(9)
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While held as a
prisoner of war or while being taken captive.
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b. A wound for which the
award is made must have required treatment by a medical officer.
COMPONENTS:
a. Decoration
(regular size): MIL-D-3943/24; NSN for set
8455-00-269-5757; individual
medal 8455-00-246-3833.
b. Decoration
(miniature size): MIL-D-3943//24.
c. Ribbon:
MIL-R-11589/126. NSN 8455-00-9948.
d. Lapel Button
(metal replica of ribbon bar): MIL-L-11484/18. NSN 8455-00-253-0818.
BACKGROUND:
a. The original Purple Heart,
designated as the Badge of Military Merit, was established by General George
Washington by order from his headquarters at Newburgh, New York, August 7,
1782. The writings of General Washington quoted in part:
| "The General ever desirous to cherish a
virtuous ambition in his soldiers, as well as to foster and encourage every species of
Military Merit, directs that whenever any singularly meritorious action is performed, the
author of it shall be permitted to wear on his facings over the left breast, the figure of
a heart in purple cloth or silk, edged with narrow lace or binding. Not only instances of
unusual gallantry, but also of extraordinary fidelity and essential service in any way
shall meet with a due reward". |
b. So far as the known surviving records show, this honor badge was granted
to only three men, all of them noncommissioned officers: Sergeant Daniel
Bissell of the 2d Connecticut Regiment of the Continental Line; Sergeant
William Brown of the 5th Connecticut
Regiment of the Continental Line, and Sergeant Elijah Churchill of the 2d Continental
Dragoons, which was also a Connecticut Regiment. The original Purple Heart depicted on the
first page is a copy of the badge awarded to Sergeant Elijah Churchill and is now owned by
the New Windsor Cantonment, National Temple Hill Association, PO Box 525, Vails Gate, NY
12584. The only other known original badge is the badge awarded to Sergeant William Brown
and is in the possession of The Society of the Cincinnati, New Hampshire Branch but
differs in design by not having any lettering embroidered on the heart and the leaves are
at the top only with a larger spray of leaves at the base.
c. Subsequent to the Revolution, the Order of the Purple Heart had fallen
into disuse and no further awards were made. By Order of the President of
the United States, the Purple Heart was revived on the 200th Anniversary of George Washington's birth, out of
respect to his memory and military achievements, by War Department General Orders No. 3,
dated 22 February 1932. The criteria was announced in War Department Circular dated 22
February 1932 and authorized award to soldiers, upon their request, who had been awarded
the Meritorious Service Citation Certificate or were authorized to wear wound chevrons
subsequent to 5 April 1917.
d.
During the early period of World War II (7 Dec 41 to 22 Sep 43), the Purple Heart was
awarded both for wounds received in action against the enemy and for meritorious
performance of duty. With the establishment of the Legion of Merit, by an Act of Congress,
the practice of awarding the Purple Heart for meritorious service was discontinued. By
Executive Order 9277, dated 3 December 1942, the decoration was extended to be applicable
to all services and the order required that regulations of the Services be uniform in
application as far as practicable. This executive order also authorized award only for
wounds received.
e. Executive Order 10409,
dated 12 February 1952, revised authorizations to include the Service
Secretaries subject to approval of the Secretary of Defense. Executive Order
11016, dated 25 April 1962, included provisions for posthumous award of the
Purple Heart. Executive Order 12464, dated 23 February 1984, authorized
award of the Purple Heart as a result of terrorist attacks or while serving
as part of a peacekeeping force subsequent to 28 March 1973.
f. The Senate approved an amendment to the 1985 Defense Authorization Bill
on 13 June 1985, which changed the precedent from immediately above the Good
Conduct Medal to immediately above the Meritorious Service Medals. Public
Law 99-145 authorized the award for wounds received as a result of "friendly
fire". Public Law 104-106 expanded the eligibility date, authorizing award
of the Purple Heart to a former prisoner of war who was wounded before 25
April 1962.
g. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year1998 (Public Law 105-85) changed the criteria to delete authorization
for award of the Purple Heart Medal to any civilian national of the United
States while serving under competent authority in any capacity with the
Armed Forces. This change was effective 18 May 1998.
h. Order of
precedence and wear of decorations is contained in Army Regulation 670-1.
Policy for awards, approving authority, supply, and issue of decorations is
contained in AR 600-8-22.
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